There are two main points that both demonstrate the “Calvinist” view of soteriology is correct. First, God is absolutely sovereign over all creation. God has ordained the future, which must include one’s salvation or condemnation. Second, man is so depraved and helpless that aside from God’s regeneration, we would be entirely unable to believe and repent. Either of these points alone will demonstrate that “it is not of him that willeth, nor of him that runneth, but of God that sheweth mercy.”
We will start with the sovereignty of God. This is a long topic so it will likely run several posts.
Before we get started, is is essential to remember that this is the God who died for us. He loves us. I rely on Isaiah 40-45 a lot in here. Chapter 40 starts out with a proclamation of peace and comfort! God’s sovereignty is both scary and comforting. We must come to grips with the sovereignty of God, but we must not consider His sovereignty apart from His other attributes - mercy, grace, holiness, wrath, or justice.
There are two main points about the sovereignty of God that I want to make. The first is to understand that God is free to do as He pleases. He is not constrained by anything other than Himself. The second point is that God actually exercises this freedom by ruling over His creation. Everyone seems OK with the idea that God has the _right_ to rule, but they balk at the idea that He actually exercises this authority. Scripture shows us that He does.
Maybe it’s because I’m a programmer, but when I think of God being “in control” I usually think about someone moving chess pieces, or operating a machine, programming a computer, controlling a robot, etc. But this is not the language of the Bible. God is not a puppeteer. He is a King ruling over His subjects.
Starting out generally, *God does as He pleases in Heaven and on Earth*. God is actively involved in ruling His creation.
Psalm 115:3 “our God is in the heavens: he hath done whatsoever he hath pleased.” Unlike the heathen gods, our God reigns from Heaven and acts as He sees fit.
Psalm 135:6 “Whatsoever the LORD pleased, that did he in heaven, and in earth, in the seas, and all deep places.” Notice that He does what He pleases in heaven _and_ in earth. We should not get the idea that God is ruling in Heaven, and the angels obey Him, but somehow He can’t rule over us. We can disobey His law, but He does as He pleases on the earth.
Daniel 4:35 “And all the inhabitants of the earth are reputed as nothing: and he doeth according to his will in the army of heaven, and among the inhabitants of the earth: and none can stay his hand, or say unto him, What doest thou?”
This verse starts by teaching us that God has absolutely no respect for us. We are reputed as _nothing_ before Him. Isaiah 40:12-17 teaches us that the nations are just a speck of dust on the scales, a drop of water in a bucket. He regards us as less than nothing, as meaningless. Isaiah 40:21-26 calls us grasshoppers.
Now remember, this is the God who died for us! When the Bible says He regards us as meaningless, the best way to understand this is that He does not regard our strength, will, etc. We cannot stand up to Him. He is a loving Father to the elect, but we are nothing before our Father and our King.
It’s one thing for God to be ruling in some general, impersonal, indirect way. But it’s not general, impersonal, and direct. *God directs our daily lives despite our plans*. He deals with us in specifics, personally, and directly.
Proverbs 16:9 “A man’s heart deviseth his way: but the LORD directeth his steps.”
Proverbs 20:24 “Man’s goings are of the LORD; how can a man then understand his own way?”
We do make plans, but God directs our steps. Haven’t you ever been amazed how God has led you, completely without you realizing it at the time, to some place of blessing and sanctification? You look back on all the circumstances and the decisions you thought you were making and you realize that God was leading you here all along. I know I have. You didn’t know where you were going. You had devised your way. But God was directing your steps. He is sovereign over our daily lives. (See also Psalm 139:16).
We can observe God’s direct, personal, specific rule over our lives at an aggregate level, too. A democracy might think it’s all about “we the people”, but the Bible says *God is sovereign over civil government*.
Daniel 4:17 “the most High ruleth in the kingdom of men, and giveth it to whomsoever he will, and setteth up over it the basest of men”.
Do you think God is nervous every 4 years as the election results come in? You think He’s counting electoral college votes? No? Why not?
The Bible says that God gives rule to “whomsoever he will”. Now, what happened to our free will in voting? We don’t believe God is magically changing ballots or sending His angels to stuff ballot boxes or fool with hanging chads.
He sets up rule in this kingdom, anyway, _by ruling over voters_. The election results - which are apparently dependent on millions of indpendent actions by “free moral agents” - are under God’s control. *God rules over the supposedly free will of men* to carry out His plans.
God rules over us even down to our daily lives. He regards us as grasshoppers, as less than nothing. He rules over our “free will”. We don’t get no respect. I don’t know what happened to our self-esteem and dignity, but He doesn’t seems to be too concerned about it! *God has the right to rule over us because He is God. We have no right to question Him*.
Daniel 4:35 “And all the inhabitants of the earth are reputed as nothing: and he doeth according to his will in the army of heaven, and among the inhabitants of the earth: and none can stay his hand, or say unto him, What doest thou?”
Not only does God not give us any respect in terms of our strength, our will, or our plans. He also doesn’t take questions. Not only can we not stop Him, we can’t question Him. Job tried, and you see how well it worked out for him!
Romans 9:20 “Nay but, O man, who art thou that repliest against God? Shall the thing formed say to him that formed it, Why hast thou made me thus?”
Isaiah 45:9 Woe unto him that striveth with his Maker! Let the potsherd strive with the potsherds of the earth. Shall the clay say to him that fashioneth it, What makest thou? or thy work, He hath no hands?
In Daniel 4:35, we saw that we can’t question God simply because He is powerful and we are not. Isaiah and Paul in Romans go further. It’s utterly inappropriate to question God. We must realize that not only is He strong, _He is our Maker_. He formed us. He has the right to do with us as He sees fit. *His position as Creator gives Him the right to rule*. Our position as the Creation gives us our place as the ruled.
(See also Isaiah 40:12-17, 21-26. Or chapters 40-45 of Isaiah, for a general discussion of God’s sovereignty.)
Because He is the King, and is powerful, and is the Creator, and because we are powerless creatures, *God’s purposes cannot be thwarted*.
Isaiah 43:13 “Yea, before the day was I am he; and there is none that can deliver out of my hand: I will work, and who shall let it?” (or, who can reverse it?) God is God. He is from eternity. He is powerful. He acts and none can reverse it.
Isaiah 46:9-11 “Remember the former things of old: for I am God, and there is none else; I am God, and there is none like me, declaring the end from the beginning, and from ancient times the things that are not yet done, saying, My counsel shall stand, and I will do all my pleasure: calling a ravenous bird from the east, the man that executeth my counsel from a far country: yea, I have spoken it, I will also bring it to pass; I have purposed it, I will also do it.”
Sovereignty is an important part of what it even means to be God. There is none like Him. In what way? In that God, and no one else, declares “the end from the beginning” and asserting “My counsel shall stand, and I will do all my pleasure”. This is part of what it means to be God. He is sovereign. He rules His creation and brings about His purposes.
This passage alone ought to do away with any system of theology that elevates anyone’s will or implies that God takes risks. He declares the end from the beginning. If He has declared it, if He has established His purposes, then how could we thwart that?
Lest we somehow get too comfortable with the idea of God’s sovereignty, or think of Him as a kindly omnipotent grandpa - like an all powerful genie who does good things for us because He can see better than we can - God makes a quite disturbing statement. *God is sovereign over good things and bad things*.
Isaiah 45:6-7 That they may know from the rising of the sun, and from the west, that there is none beside me. I am the LORD, and there is none else. I form the light, and create darkness: I make peace, and create evil: I the LORD do all these things.
God is not sovereign over just the light. His will and his rule do not stop at “peace”. He creates evil. He causes calamity. He is unashamed - “I the LORD do _all_ these things.”
Remember that tsunami that killed all those unsuspecting people? *God did that.*
Jesus Himself said that God caused a man to be born blind just so Jesus could work a miracle. (John 9). Where was that man’s freedom? This does not sound like the gentlemanly God that Arminianism teaches.
God is sovereign. His rule is not theoretical. He actually rules. It is not general or impersonal either. He rules specifically. He rules over our daily lives. He orders our steps. He is not concerned with our rights; we are nothing before Him. He creates good and evil, sends blessings and calamities. We can’t stop Him, and do not have the right to question Him either.
Next, we will look at some Biblical examples when God makes His sovereign rule obvious - cases like Pharaoh, Job, etc.
Then, we will consider some of the motivations behind God’s actions. We know He does all things after the counsel of His own will, but sometimes He has told us what motivates Him.
Then, I will discuss other things that are true. We must keep these truths in context. God is sovereign, but we do still make choices. We’ll talk about how we still have something like “free will” even though God is sovereign.
I will also discuss how our worldview and our culture militate against the idea of God’s sovereignty, and finally I will draw a few points of application.